HTML and CSS are among the technologies QA engineers regularly encounter. In this article, we’ll tell you about the basics of HTML and CSS. Hopefully, it will help you understand the principles of web technologies better and make everyday communication with developers easier.
HTML and CSS are two core technologies for web page building.
HTML is an acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. It is a standardized markup language for resources designed to be displayed in a web browser. In other words, HTML allows us to describe the structure of a web page in a way a browser can understand and render it, displaying it to a user.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a special language that describes the appearance of a document created with HTML. CSS allows us to format what has been written with HTML. Being one of the core web technologies, it has become very functional.
It is important to remember that HTML and CSS are not programming languages. They are technologies used for structural purposes. Meanwhile, programming languages have functional purposes. In other words, HTML and CSS do not contain any instructions and, thus, do not contain programming logic.
HTML is a set of tags that allow creating and modifying website markup. Tags are basic formatting tools. Each of them comes with a unique name enclosed in brackets. Thus, we have <> for the opening tag and </> for the closing tag.
For example, the <b> is the opening tag, and </b> is the closing one. The text in-between appears in bold. The brackets do not appear on the screen. They only act as a command for a browser that the word enclosed between these tags should be displayed in bold.
Each tag performs its own specific functions. To create web pages, you need to know what different tags stand for.
CSS is a set of rules that describe how a particular element should look. It usually consists of a selector and a declaration value.
For example if we have body {background: #fffff;} in the code,
<html> indicates that the document you are working with is an HTML document. It contains all other tags, including <head> and <body>.
<head> marks the spot where the information that won’t be displayed appears. This is where the document title tag and tags for the search engines are located.
<body> marks the visible part of a document. It stores the page content displayed in a browser window.
We can use the mentioned above tags only once in a document.
HTML supports three types of lists:
These are some of the frequently used HTML tags QA engineers should know. Of course, these are only the basics: there is much more to HTML and CSS. Still, remembering them will be enough for the beginning, helping to understand website structure better.
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