Methodologies in software development are processes, tips, and tools that allow you to create the right environment for development. Knowledge of different methodologies makes it easier to select the right technologies and optimize the development process.
There are a dozen of software development methodologies, each with its pros and cons. Waterfall Model and the V-Model are the most commonly-used classic approaches. Scrum and Kanban are the most popular among Agile methodologies.
So let’s take a look at the pros and cons of the most popular methodologies.
Although widely-known, this model will not suit every project. Nevertheless, it is relevant in case timing and compliance are the priority, and a team commits to finishing each stage with a correct and completed solution.
The highlight of this model is the sequence of stages. Each upcoming phase starts only after the previous one ends.
From the QA engineer’s perspective, this model contradicts one of the core principles of quality assurance – early testing. QA resources are involved only after the development part is over. Various new functions tend to come with a bunch of errors. As a result, it takes many days (or weeks) and money to find and fix the defects.
Still, let’s take a closer look at each of the stages that compose the Waterfall software methodology.
You can learn more about the particularities of the Waterfall testing process in one of our previous posts about SDLC (software development life cycle).
V-model is an advanced version of the Waterfall Model. It gives the team more control over the process and transitioning before the stages. According to V-model, testing begins along with the requirements writing.
For every phase of the software development cycle, there is a corresponding testing phase. And each testing phase comes with a dedicated test plan with activities, entry and exit criteria, and expected results for each level. A QA team creates test suites before coding, during a corresponding phase. Each testing phase is strictly parallel to the corresponding development phase. If you visualize the connections, you’ll get a V-shaped model, just like this one:
The left side reflects the software design process, and the right side shows the testing process. The two intersect that the bottom – coding sums up the design and is a final step before testing.
Please note that development and testing stages may be interpreted differently across companies.
Scrum is one of the flexible development methodologies. The highlight of Scrum is working in sprints. Sprints are short periods dedicated to the development and testing of the new functionality. As a result, a team delivers software piece by piece, gradually releasing new features. A sprint usually lasts two to four weeks.
Scrum is also known for the close cooperation between the team members. A proactive approach and questions are welcome. The team gathers daily to discuss how the project progresses and all the process-related issues.
QA specialists are involved in the development at the early stages – for example, when the requirement writing starts. Bringing in the QA perspective this early helps to prevent some issues from the very beginning. Analysts and QA engineers often refer to their previous experiences, helping avoid gaps in logic or ambiguous demands.
Kanban is one more flexible development methodology that is very easy to understand and use. The highlight is the visualization of tasks that makes it easier to track the work progress.
Usually, a team uses a board with three columns charted on it, one for each task status – To Do, In Progress, and Done. Team members can use paper stickers or simply write down the tasks, moving them from one column to the other when the time comes.
This practice allows you to see how much has been already done and how many tasks are there to complete. It also allows keeping track of the process in general, making the information transparent. In the present-day realities, teams can use software like Trello to visualize the progress and work scope.
Just like in Agile, Kanban implies involving QA engineers at the early stages, aiming to improve team efficiency and the quality of a developed product.
The right choice of methodology always depends on the project particularities. What works perfectly for one case can be a complete disaster for another. You should consider the number of people in the team, project duration, expectations of the stakeholders, and a company’s processes in general.
As a rule, software testing services providers can adjust to whatever model a client uses. As for full-cycle development or big product companies, switching from one methodology to another can take much time and effort.
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